Tataiso ea Makhetlo a ho Nkela Kharetene ea Sepetlele Sebaka

likharetene tsa sepetlele e bapala karolo ea bohlokoa ho bolokeng bohloeki litsing tsa tlhokomelo ea bophelo. Tšebeliso ea likharetene tse sebelisoang hanngoe, joalo kalesira le lahloang dikgetho, e ntse e ata haholo ho thibela ditshwaetso le ho netefatsa polokeho ya bakudi. Phetolo ya tsena kgafetsa likharetene tse lahloang tsa likhubikleke ea bohlokoa, ka ho lahloa Lesira la Cubiclebakeng sa lipetlele tse hlokang ho fetoloa khafetsa. Makgetlo a ho nkeloa sebaka a fapana haholo libakeng tse fapaneng tsa sepetlele; mohlala, likamore tse tloaelehileng tsa bakuli li ka hlokalikharetene tsa lekunutu tse lahloang ho fetoloa likhoeli tse ling le tse ling ho isa ho tse tharo, ha litsi tsa tlhokomelo e matla hangata li hloka liphetoho tse ngata khafetsa.

Lintlha tsa Bohlokoa

• Kenya likharetene tsa sepetlele khoeli e 'ngoe le e 'ngoe ho isa ho tse tharo libakeng tse tloaelehileng ho boloka bohloeki le ho thibela tšoaetso.
• Libakeng tse kotsing e kholo joalo ka li-ICU, nkela likharetene sebaka libeke tse ling le tse ling tse peli ho isa ho tse 'ne kapa hang ka mor'a hore mokuli a tsoe sepetlele ho ntlafatsa polokeho ea mokuli.
• Sebelisa likharetene tse lahloang bakeng sa bohloeki bo botle, ho lumella ho nkeloa sebaka ka potlako le ho fokotsa kotsi ea tšoaetso e amanang le tlhokomelo ea bophelo bo botle.

Makgetlo a Khothaletsoang a ho Nkela Sebaka Likharetene tsa Sepetlele

Tataiso e Akaretsang

Ho boloka bohloeki ba likharetene tsa sepetlele ho bohlokoa bakeng sa taolo ea tšoaetso. Litsi tsa Taolo le Thibelo ea Mafu (CDC) li khothaletsa ho fetola likharetene tse lahloang bonyane hang ka khoeli. Leha ho le joalo, maemo a itseng a ka 'na a hloka hore ho etsoe likhechana khafetsa. Mona ke litataiso tse akaretsang tsa ho nkela likharetene tsa sepetlele sebaka:

• Phetolo ea Khoeli le Khoeli: Bakeng sa libaka tse tloaelehileng tsa tlhokomelo ea bakuli, likharetene li lokela ho nkeloa sebaka khoeli e 'ngoe le e 'ngoe ho isa ho tse tharo.
• Phetolo ea Hang-hangHaeba likharetene li bonahala li silafetse, li silafetse, kapa li senyehile, li lokela ho nkeloa sebaka hang-hang.
• Ho kopana le Dintho tse Silafetseng: Likharetene tse kopanang le mali, maro a 'mele, kapa lintho tse tšoaetsanoang li hloka ho nkeloa sebaka hang-hang ho thibela ho ata ha tšoaetso.

Ho hlatswa diaparo khafetsa le ho nkela dikharetene tsa sepetlele sebaka ho fokotsa kotsi ya ditshwaetso tse amanang le tlhokomelo ya bophelo bo botle (HAIs). Diphuputso di bontsha hore hoo e ka bang mokuli a le mong ho ba 25 ba sepetlele o tshwarwa ke HAI selemo se seng le se seng, hangata ka lebaka la dibaka tse silafetseng, ho kenyeletswa le dikharetene tsa sepetlele. Ka hona, ho latela kemiso e tiileng ya ho nkela sebaka ho bohlokwa bakeng sa ho boloka tikoloho e bolokehileng.

Libaka tse Kotsi e Kholo

Libaka tse kotsing e kholo, tse kang li-ICU le likamore tsa ho itšehla thajana, li hloka ho khomarela melaoana e thata le ho feta. CDC e eletsa hore likharetene libakeng tsena li lokela ho hloekisoa le ho hloekisoa khafetsa, khafetsa ho latela kotsi ea tšilafalo. Lintlha tse ling tsa bohlokoa ke tsena mabapi le libaka tse kotsing e kholo:

• Maqhubu a Eketsehileng: Likharetene tse ka hare ho ICU li lokela ho nkeloa sebaka libeke tse ling le tse ling tse peli ho isa ho tse 'ne kapa hang ka mor'a hore mokuli a lokolloe sepetlele.
• Ho Hloekisa Letsatsi le Letsatsi kapa Beke le BekeMaemong a mang, ho hlwekisa letsatsi le letsatsi kapa beke le beke ho ka hlokahala, haholo-holo haeba ho na le kotsi e kholo ea tšoaetso.
• Mobu o Bonahalang: Likharetene li lokela ho hloekisoa ha li bonahala li le litšila kapa ka mor'a ho tšoloha ha mali kapa maro a 'mele.

Tlhokahalo ea ho nkeloa sebaka khafetsa libakeng tse kotsing e kholo e bakoa ke monyetla o eketsehileng oa tšilafalo e fapaneng. Likharetene tsa sepetlele li ka ba le libaktheria, tse ka lebisang ho HAI haeba li sa laoloe hantle. Ka hona, ho kenya tšebetsong kemiso e thata ea ho nkeloa sebaka ke habohlokoa bakeng sa ho sireletsa bakuli ba kotsing le ho netefatsa bohloeki ba sepetlele ka kakaretso.

Ka ho latela litataiso tsena, lipetlele li ka fokotsa kotsi ea tšoaetso haholo le ho ntlafatsa polokeho ea bakuli.

Mabaka a Susumetsang ho Nkela Lesira la Sepetlele Sebaka

Mofuta oa Likharetene

Mofuta oa likharetene tse sebelisoang lipetleleng o ama haholo makhetlo a tsona a ho nkeloa sebaka. Lisebelisoa tse fapaneng tsa likharetene li fana ka maemo a fapaneng a ho hanyetsa tšilafalo. Mohlala, likharetene tse loantšang likokoana-hloko li phekoloa ka liphahlo tse thibelang kholo ea libaktheria le li-fungus. Tšobotsi ena e ntlafatsa taolo ea tšoaetso 'me e fokotsa kotsi ea tšilafalo. Lisebelisoa tse tšoarellang, joalo ka masela a boima, li hanela ho taboha le khatello ea mechine, li netefatsa hore li phela nako e telele le bokhoni ba ho mamella ho hloekisoa khafetsa. Mekhoa e lahloang e lumella ho nkeloa sebaka kapele lipakeng tsa opereishene, e ntlafatsa ho se hlolehe ha likokoana-hloko libakeng tsa ho buoa. Masela a maemo a bongaka, a nang le ho roka ho matlafalitsoeng le tšireletso e netefalitsoeng ea antimicrobial, a fana ka poloko ea nako e telele le ho ntlafatsa ho latela maemo a taolo ea tšoaetso.

Maemo a Tšilafalo

Maemo a tšilafalo libakeng tsa sepetlele le ona a laola hore na likharetene li lokela ho nkeloa sebaka hangata hakae. Likharetene li lokela ho nkeloa sebaka hang-hang haeba li bontša matheba a bonahalang, li tabohile, kapa li pepesehetse maro a 'mele. Lithuto li bontša hore hoo e ka bang 90% ea likharetene tse bonahalang li le litšila li na le libaktheria tse kotsi, e leng se eketsang haholo kotsi ea tšoaetso e amanang le tlhokomelo ea bophelo bo botle. Libakeng tse kotsing e kholo joalo ka li-unit tsa tlhokomelo e matla (ICU) le li-ward tsa oncology, lipetlele hangata li nkela likharetene sebaka kotara ka 'ngoe, e leng se amanang le phokotso ea 22% ea sekhahla sa tšoaetso. Libaka tse atolosang ho nkeloa sebaka ha likharetene ho feta likhoeli tse 12 li tobane le keketseho ea 40% ea kotsi ea tšilafalo ea bokaholimo. CDC e eletsa hore likharetene li lokela ho hloekisoa le ho hloekisoa likokoana-hloko ha li bonahala li le litšila kapa kamora ho tšoloha ha mali kapa maro a 'mele.

• Kemiso ea ho nkela bakuli sebaka e lokela ho ikamahanya le motsamao oa bakuli ho e-na le linako tse behiloeng, haholo-holo likamoreng tse arohaneng le liyuniti tsa ho chesa.
• Lipetlele tse nkela likharetene sebaka libeke tse ling le tse ling tse peli tse ka har'a li-unit tsa ho cha li tlaleha hore tšoaetso e amanang le tlhokomelo ea bophelo bo botle e fokotsehile ka hoo e ka bang ka 60% ha e bapisoa le tse emelang khoeli.

Ka ho utloisisa mofuta oa likharetene le maemo a tšilafalo, litsi tsa tlhokomelo ea bophelo li ka kenya tšebetsong maano a sebetsang a ho nkela sebaka a ntlafatsang polokeho ea mokuli.

Tataiso ea Bolaoli ba Bophelo bakeng sa Likharetene tsa Lipetlele

Litlhahiso tsa CDC

Litsi tsa Taolo le Thibelo ea Mafu (CDC) li fana ka litataiso tsa bohlokoa bakeng sa tlhokomelo le ho nkela likharetene tsa sepetlele sebaka. Likhothaletso tsena li ikemiselitse ho fokotsa kotsi ea tšoaetso e amanang le tlhokomelo ea bophelo bo botle (HAIs) e amanang le libaka tse silafetseng. Lintlha tsa bohlokoa ho tsoa ho CDC li kenyelletsa:

• Phetolo e Tloaelehileng: CDC e eletsa hore lipetlele li nke likharetene libakeng tse tloaelehileng tsa bakuli khoeli e 'ngoe le e 'ngoe ho isa ho tse tharo. Libakeng tse kotsing e kholo, tse kang li-ICU le likamore tsa maemo a tšohanyetso, makhetlo a khothalletsoang a eketseha ho fihlela libekeng tse ling le tse ling tse peli ho isa ho tse 'ne kapa hang ka mor'a hore mokuli a lokolloe sepetlele.
• Ketso e Potlakileng ea Tšilafalo: Haeba likharetene li bonahala li silafetse kapa li kopana le mali kapa maro a 'mele, CDC e khothaletsa hore li nkeloe sebaka hang-hang. Ketso ena e bohlokoa ho thibela ho ata ha likokoana-hloko.
• Kopanyo le Mehato e meng ea Taolo ea Tšoaetso: CDC e hatisa hore ho nkela lesira sebaka ho lokela ho tlatsana le mekhoa e meng ea taolo ea tšoaetso, joalo ka bohloeki ba matsoho le ho bolaea likokoana-hloko holim'a metsi. Mokhoa ona o kopaneng o ntlafatsa polokeho ea mokuli ka kakaretso.

Lithuto li bontša hore likharetene tsa lekunutu la sepetlele li ka ba le libaktheria tse kotsi, ho kenyeletsoa MRSA le COVID-19. Lipatlisiso li bontša hore 31% ea likharetene tsa lekunutu la sepetlele li fumanoe li e-na le MRSA, e leng se totobatsang tlhoko ea ho khomarela ka tieo kemiso ea ho nkela sebaka. Esita le ka mor'a ho hlatsoa liaparo, likharetene li ka silafala nakong ea beke, e leng se behang kotsi ea ho qhoma ha mafu. Ka hona, lipetlele li tlameha ho beha pele bohloeki ba likharetene e le karolo ea mekhoa ea tsona ea taolo ea tšoaetso.

Maano a Setheo

Ntle le litataiso tsa CDC, lipetlele ka bomong hangata li theha maano a tsona mabapi le ho nkeloa sebaka ha likharetene. Maano ana hangata a bonahatsa litlhoko le likotsi tse ikhethang tse amanang le bakuli ba tsona. Mekhoa e tloaelehileng e kenyelletsa:

• Kemiso ea Phetolo e Ikhethileng: Lipetlele li ka 'na tsa theha kemiso e ikhethileng ho latela likotsi tsa mafapha le palo ea bakuli. Mohlala, libaka tse kotsing e kholo joalo ka li-ICU le likamore tsa ho itšehla thajana li hloka liphetoho tse ngata tsa lesira ho feta libaka tse tloaelehileng tsa bakuli.
• Mekhoa e Molemohali e tsoang Lipetleleng tse Etellang Pele: Lipetlele tse ngata li sebelisa mekhoa e metle ea ho nkela likharetene sebaka. Tafole e latelang e akaretsa makhetlo a khothaletsoang a ho nkela likharetene sebaka ho tsoa litsing tse fapaneng tsa tlhokomelo ea bophelo:

• Tsepamisa Maikutlo ho Likharetene tse Lahloang: Litsi tse ngata li fetohela ho likharetene tsa sepetlele tse lahloang, tse fanang ka bohloeki bo botle ha li bapisoa le mekhoa ea masela a setso. Likretene tsena li ka nkeloa sebaka likhoeling tse ling le tse ling tse tharo ho isa ho tse tšeletseng, li tsamaisana le maano a taolo ea tšoaetso le ho kenya letsoho ho bolokeng litšenyehelo.

Ka ho latela likhothaletso tsa CDC le ho theha maano a matla a mekhatlo, lipetlele li ka fokotsa kotsi ea tšoaetso e amanang le likharetene tsa sepetlele haholo. Mokhoa ona oa ho nka bohato ha o ntlafatse polokeho ea bakuli feela empa hape o khothalletsa setso sa bohloeki le boikarabello libakeng tsa tlhokomelo ea bophelo.

Ho nkeloa sebaka ha likharetene tsa sepetlele khafetsa ho bohlokoa bakeng sa taolo e sebetsang ea tšoaetso. Ho khomarela litataiso tse thehiloeng ho amana ka ho toba le liphello tse ntlafetseng tsa thibelo ea tšoaetso. Lipetlele tse koetlisang basebetsi mabapi le tlhokomelo e nepahetseng le mekhoa ea ho nkela sebaka li ntlafatsa ho latela melao le temoso. Mokhoa ona oa ho nka bohato o tlatsetsa haholo polokehong ea bakuli le bohloeki ka kakaretso libakeng tsa tlhokomelo ea bophelo.

LBH

Likharetene tsa sepetlele li lokela ho nkeloa sebaka hangata hakae?

Likharetene tsa sepetlele li lokela ho nkeloa sebaka likhoeling tse ling le tse ling tse tharo libakeng tse tloaelehileng le libeke tse ling le tse ling tse peli ho isa ho tse 'ne libakeng tse kotsi haholo.

Ke lintlha life tse amang makhetlo a ho nkeloa sebaka ha lesira?

Mabaka a kenyeletsa mofuta oa lesira, maemo a tšilafalo, le maano a itseng a sepetlele a etselitsoeng litlhoko tsa mokuli le mehato ea taolo ea tšoaetso.

Na likharetene tse lahloang li hloekile haholoanyane?

E, likharetene tse lahloang li fana ka bohloeki bo botle kaha li ka nkeloa sebaka khafetsa, e leng se fokotsang kotsi ea tšilafalo le tšoaetso e amanang le tlhokomelo ea bophelo.

Qoso

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