Romela Imeile
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Sepetlele Likharetene tsa Lekunutu li angoa khafetsa, li hloekisoa ka mokhoa o sa tsitsang, 'me li beoa haufi le bakuli ba kotsing - e leng se etsang hore e be qeto e fetang feela ea thepa ea ka tlung. Bakeng sa batsamaisi, lihlopha tsa thibelo ea tšoaetso, le batsamaisi ba theko, khetho pakeng tsa likharetene tse lahloang le tse ka sebelisoang hape e amapolokeho ea mokuli, litšenyehelo tsa ts'ebetso, ho latela melao le botsitso. Masela a lohiloeng a ka sebelisoang hape a ka fana ka bophelo bo bolelele ba tšebeletso ha litsamaiso tsa ho hlatsoa liaparo li tšepahala, ha likharetene tse sa lohiloeng tse lahloang li fokotsa nako ea ho sebetsa libakeng tsa bongaka tse kotsing e kholo. Sengoloa sena se bapisa likhetho tsena ka bobeli ka lense ea taolo ea tšoaetso, maemo a polokeho ea mollo, litšenyehelo tsa potoloho ea bophelo, tšusumetso ea tikoloho, le mosebetsi oa letsatsi le letsatsi e le hore litsi tsa tlhokomelo ea bophelo li ka etsa qeto e sebetsang, e nang le bopaki.
Likharetene tsa Sepetlele tse Lahloang khahlanong le tse ka sebelisoang hape
Ho khetha likharetene tsa boinotši libakeng tsa tlhokomelo ea bophelo bo botle li ama seriti sa mokuli, moruo oa lits'ebeletso le taolo ea tšoaetso. Le hoja masela a lohiloeng a setso a ne a busa libakeng tsa kliniki, ho tsepamisa maikutlo ho thibeleng tšoaetso e fumanoang sepetlele (HAIs)—e amang bakuli ba ka bang 1 ho ba 31 ba sepetlele letsatsi le letsatsi—e hlahisitse lisebelisoa tse ling. Batsamaisi ba lits'ebeletso joale ba tlameha ho lekanya botsitso ba nako e telele khahlanong le litlhoko tsa bohloeki ba hang-hang ha ba etsa qeto pakeng tsa likhetho tse lahloang le tse ka sebelisoang hape.
Litlhaloso tsa Bohlokoa le Maemo a Tšebeliso
Masela a ka sebelisoang hape hangata a etsoa ka metswako e tiileng, e lohiloeng ea polyester (hangata e boima ba ligrama tse 200-300 ka mithara e sekwere, kapa GSM) e etselitsoeng ho mamella lipotoloho tsa khoebo tsa ho hlatsoa liaparo tse 50 ho isa ho tse 100. Matlotlo ana a setso a sebelisoa ho pholletsa le li-ward tse akaretsang moo ho pepesehelang kokoana-hloko ho leng ho itekanetseng. Ka lehlakoreng le leng, likharetene tsa bongaka tse etselitsoeng ho sebelisoa ha lintho tse lahloang haholo-holo ke polypropylene e sa lohiloeng (hangata 100–120 GSM). Le hoja thepa ea motheo e ka sebelisoa hape ka botekgeniki, mekhoa ea ho sebetsana le litšila tsa bongaka le tšilafalo hangata e fokotsa ho sebelisoa hape ha lintho tse ka tlaase. Mefuta e lahloang e sebelisoa ka bohlale libakeng tse nang le matla a mangata, joalo ka li-unit tsa tlhokomelo e matla (ICU), litsi tsa ho chesa, le li-ward tsa ho itšehla thajana. Libakeng tsena, phetoho e potlakileng ea bakuli le likotsi tse matla tsa tšilafalo e fapaneng li hloka hore ho nkeloe sebaka ke lesira hang-hang ntle le tieho ea lisebelisoa ea lihora tse 24 ho isa ho tse 48 ea ho hlatsoa liaparo.
Maemo a Tshebetso le ho Latela Melao
Ho sa tsotelehe thepa, tsohle likharetene tsa kliniki e tlameha ho latela melao e tiileng ea polokeho le ts'ebetso. Ho thibela mollo ke motheo o ke keng oa buisanoa; thepa e tlameha ho feta litekong tsa ho cha joalo ka tekanyetso ea NFPA 701 United States kapa tekanyetso ea BS 5867 Karolo ea 2 ea Mofuta oa C United Kingdom. Masela a lohiloeng a setso a nang le lik'hemik'hale hangata a hloka ho phekoloa hape nako le nako kamora lipotoloho tsa ho hlatsoa tse 10 ho isa ho tse 15 ho boloka ho latela melao, leha thepa e lohiloeng e thibelang mollo (IFR) ka tlhaho e feta tlhoko ena. Ka lehlakoreng le leng, mefuta e sa lohiloeng ea polypropylene e sebelisa li-additives tse thibelang mollo tse kentsoeng nakong ea tlhahiso, ho netefatsa ho latela melao kamehla nakong eohle ea bophelo ba tsona ba likhoeli tse 3 ho isa ho tse 6 ntle le ho phekoloa hape.
Litšenyehelo, Bohloeki le Phapang ea Ts'ebetso
Ho lekola likharetene tsa sepetlele e hloka ho sekaseka mekhoa ea tlhokomelo, likotsi tsa tšilafalo e fapaneng, le litšenyehelo tsohle tsa beng. Liphapang tsa ts'ebetso lipakeng tsa ho hlatsoa liaparo tsa masela a tšoarellang le ho laola liketane tsa phepelo tse lahloang li ama haholo mesebetsi ea litšebeletso tsa tikoloho (EVS).
Ho feta moo, tšusumetso ea tikoloho ea sistimi ka 'ngoe e hloka tlhahlobo e hlokolosi. Likharetene tse lahloang Ho kenya letsoho liponto tse 1 ho isa ho tse 2 tsa thepa ka phanele ho mojaro oa lithōle le bongata ba litšila tsa bongaka, athe litsamaiso tsa ho hlatsoa liaparo tse ka sebelisoang hape li sebelisa metsi a mangata (hangata lilithara tse 2 ho isa ho tse 3 ka ponto ea liaparo), matla le sesepa sa lik'hemik'hale. Libaka li lokela ho hlahloba meralo ea motheo ea tsona ea lehae—joalo ka ho fumaneha ha ts'ebetso ea ho sebelisa litšila ho ea ho matla bakeng sa lintho tse lahloang khahlanong le bokhoni ba ho sebelisa metsi hape—ho etsa qeto e nang le tsebo mabapi le tikoloho.
Litlhoko tsa Taolo ea Tšoaetso le Tlhoekiso
Ho bolokoa ha dikokwana-hloko masela a boinotšing ke vector e ngotsweng bakeng sa ho fetisa Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) e hananang le methicillin le Enterococcus (VRE) e hananang le vancomycin. Masela a ka sebediswang hape a hloka ho bolawa ha dikokwana-hloko ka matla mochesong le dikhemikhale ho fokotsa dikotsi tsena. Tataiso e tswang mekgatlong e kang CDC, NHS, le AORN e bolela hore masela a kliniki a tiileng a lokela ho hlatsuwa maemong a phahameng a mocheso (mohlala, 160°F kapa 71°C bonyane metsotso e 25), hangata ka bleach e thehilweng ho chlorine, ho fihlella phokotso e hlokahalang ya dikokwana-hloko.
Likharetene tsa sepetlele tse sebelisoang hanngoe ho qoba mokhoa ona o rarahaneng oa ho hloekisa litšila. Ka ho lahla lesira ka mor'a ho ntša litšila ka thoko kapa ka nako e reriloeng, libaka li fokotsa kotsi ea ho hloleha ho hlatsoa liaparo le ho li hloekisa nakong ea lipalangoang. Leha ho le joalo, lintho tse lahloang ha li kotsi ho hang; li ntse li ka silafala nakong ea tšebeliso ka ho li tšoara khafetsa, ho hloka bohloeki bo tiileng ba matsoho le ho nkeloa sebaka ke tse ling khafetsa. Phetoho ena e tlosa moroalo oa ts'ebetso ho tloha ho thepa ea ho hlatsoa liaparo ho ea ho taolo ea litšila.
Litšenyehelo tsa ho Reka, ho Hlatsoa le ho Nkela Sebaka
Mohlala oa lichelete bakeng sa likharetene tsa lekunutu o fetela ka nģ'ane ho invoice ea pele. Masela a ka sebelisoang hape a na le litšenyehelo tse phahameng tsa ho fumana chelete, tse eketsoang ke litšenyehelo tse pheta-phetoang tsa ho hlatsoa liaparo, lipalangoang le ho latela. Meaho e tlameha ho boela e boloke lethathamo la lintho tse setseng tse potolohang (hangata ka 3x par level) ho koahela liphanele ka mafolofolo ka har'a sehokelo sa ho hlatsoa liaparo. Lintho tse lahloang li fana ka mohlala oa moruo o feto-fetohileng: litšenyehelo tse tlase tsa ho reka tsa pele le litšenyehelo tsa ho hlatsoa liaparo, empa li hloka ho tlatsoa hape ka linako tsohle 'me li baka litšenyehelo tsa ts'ebetso joalo ka litefiso tsa ts'ebetso ea phepelo e tsoelang pele, polokelo le ho lahla thepa.
| Metric | Lesela le Lohiloeng le ka Sebediswang Hape | Polypropylene e sa lohiloeng e lahloang |
|---|---|---|
| Litšenyehelo tsa pele ka Phanele | Litšenyehelo tse phahameng tsa motse-moholo ($30–$80 e tloaelehileng) | Theko e tlase ea pele ($10–25 e tloaelehileng) |
| Litšenyehelo tsa Tlhokomelo | Ho hlatsoa liaparo khafetsa ($1.50–$3.00 ka ho hlatsoa) | Litefiso tsa ho lahla le taolo ea litšila ($0.10–$0.50 ka lb) |
| Tlhokahalo ea Thepa | Holimo (~3x boemo ba par bakeng sa ho potoloha) | E itekanetseng (~1.5x boemo ba par bakeng sa setoko se tswelang pele) |
| Kotsi ea Tšilafalo e Tšelanang | E itekanetseng (Ho latela katleho ea protocol ea ho hlatsoa) | Tlase ho isa ho Bohareng (Phanele e ncha ka ho kenngoa, empa e ka silafatsa nakong ea tšebeliso) |
| Bolele ba bophelo | Metsotso e mengata ea ho hlatsoa (metsotso e 50–100 ea ho hlatsoa) | Ho itshetlehile ka ketsahalo (ho ntshwa ha mokuli ka mong) kapa nako e lekanyeditsweng (dikgwedi tse 3-6) |
Mokhoa oa ho Khetha Mofuta o Nepahetseng oa Lesira
Ho khetha sistimi e ntle ka ho fetisisa ea lesira ha se hangata e leng qeto ea bobeli bakeng sa netweke eohle ea tlhokomelo ea bophelo bo botle. Maano a atlehang a ho reka a sebelisa mokhoa o kopaneng, a sebelisa mefuta e itseng ea thepa e thehiloeng holim'a tlhahiso ea lefapha, litekolo tsa kotsi le lipakane tsa mafu.
Hlahloba Kotsi ea Ward le Phetoho ea Mokuli
Batsamaisi ba lits'ebeletso ba tlameha ho etsa karohano ea likotsi libakeng tse fapaneng tsa bongaka. Libakeng tse nang le phetoho e kholo joalo ka mafapha a tšohanyetso kapa libaka tse nang le kotsi e kholo joalo ka li-unit tsa oncology, ho kenngoa ha lintho tse lahloang ka potlako ho netefatsa tšitiso e ncha bakeng sa kamohelo e ncha. Ho bohlokoa ho khetholla pakeng tsa ho nkeloa sebaka ho thehiloeng liketsahalong le ho latela nako: libakeng tse arohaneng (moo ho lula ha mokuli ho ka bang matsatsi a 3 ho isa ho a 7), lintho tse lahloang li sebetsa e le lintho tse sebelisoang ke mokuli a le mong tse lahloang ha mokuli a tsoa. Liphaposing tse akaretsang tse nang le kotsi e tlase ea hang-hang, li sebetsa e le lithibelo tse lekanyelitsoeng ka nako, 'me litataiso tsa indasteri hangata li khothaletsa ho nkeloa sebaka likhoeling tse ling le tse ling tse 3 ho isa ho tse 6 ha thepa e ntse e tsofala. Ka lehlakoreng le leng, libaka tsa tlhokomelo ea nako e telele kapa litleliniki tsa bakuli ba kantle tse nang le matla a tlase - moo ho lula ha mokuli ho leng telele kapa ho kopana ka kotloloho le likharetene ho fokolang - hangata li fumana phaello e betere ea nako e telele holima matsete (ROI) ka ho boloka masela a tšoarellang, a ka hlatsuoang.
Kopanya Theko le Lipakane tsa Thibelo ea Tšoaetso
Liqeto tsa ho reka li tlameha ho tsamaellana ka kotloloho le litaelo tsa thibelo ea tšoaetso ea setsi. Haeba sepetlele se ikemiselitse ho fokotsa li-HAI tse fetisoang ka ho kopana, ho fetoloa ho ea ho likharetene tsa sepetlele tse loantšang likokoana-hloko E nang le kalafo ea silver-ion kapa quaternary ammonium (eo hangata e shebaneng le phokotso ea 99.9% ea moroalo oa bioloji nakong ea lihora tse 24) ke khetho. Leha ho le joalo, kalafo ena ea bioloji e laoloa ka thata ke mekhatlo e kang EPA le FDA.
Lintlha tsa Bohlokoa
- Sebelisa likharetene tse lahloang libakeng tse kotsi haholo tse kang li-ICU, litsi tsa ho chesa, le li-ward tsa ho itšehla thajana moo ho nkeloa sebaka hang-hang ho ka fokotsang kotsi ea tšilafalo e tšelang.
- Khetha likharetene tse lohiloeng tse ka sebelisoang hape bakeng sa liphaposi tse nang le kotsi e itekanetseng feela haeba setsi se ka laola ka mokhoa o tšepahalang mesebetsi ea ho hlatsoa liaparo, ho latela, ho boloka le ho kenya hape.
- Netefatsa hore khetho e 'ngoe le e 'ngoe ea lesira e fihlela litekanyetso tse loketseng tsa ho thibela mollo, joalo ka NFPA 701 kapa BS 5867 Karolo ea 2 Mofuta oa C, pele o rekoa.
- Bala litšenyehelo tsa potoloho ea bophelo hobane likharetene tse ka sebelisoang hape li ka hloka mekhahlelo ea ho hlatsoa liaparo e 50 ho isa ho e 100, athe liphanele tse lahloang hangata li nka likhoeli tse 3 ho isa ho tse 6.
- Bapisa tšusumetso ea tikoloho sebakeng sa heno, ho kenyeletsoa le moroalo oa lithōle ho tloha ho liponto tse 1 ho isa ho tse 2 ka phanele e lahloang khahlanong le tšebeliso ea metsi, matla le sesepa ha ho hlatsuoa liaparo.
Lipotso Tse Botsoang Khafetsa
Ke likharetene life tsa sepetlele tse molemo bakeng sa taolo ea tšoaetso?
Likharetene tse lahloang hangata li ratoa haholo li-ICU, likamoreng tsa ho itšehla thajana, le libakeng tse nang le phallo e ngata ea metsi hobane li ka nkeloa sebaka hang-hang 'me tsa qoba tieho ea ho hlatsoa liaparo. Likharetene tse ka sebelisoang hape li ka bolokeha, empa feela ka mekhoa e tiileng ea ho hloekisa, ho sebetsana le ho latela.
Likharetene tsa sepetlele tse lahloang li lokela ho nkeloa sebaka hangata hakae?
Likharetene tse ngata tse lahloang li etselitsoe bophelo ba tšebeletso ba likhoeli tse 3 ho isa ho tse 6, empa li lokela ho fetoloa kapele ka mor'a tšilafalo, ho ntša metsi ka thoko, litšila tse bonahalang, kapa ho latela leano la taolo ea tšoaetso setsing.
Likharetene tsa sepetlele tse ka sebelisoang hape hangata li etsoa ka eng?
Likharetene tse ka sebelisoang hape hangata li etsoa ka metswako ea polyester e lohiloeng e tšoarellang, hangata e ka ba 200–300 GSM, 'me li etselitsoe ho mamella mekhahlelo ea ho hlatsoa liaparo tsa khoebo e ka bang 50 ho isa ho 100.
Na likharetene tsa sepetlele li hloka ho fihlela maemo a polokeho mollong?
E. Likharetene tsa kliniki tse lahloang le tse ka sebelisoang hape li lokela ho fihlela maemo a sebetsang a ho thibela malakabe, joalo ka NFPA 701 United States kapa BS 5867 Karolo ea 2 Mofuta oa C United Kingdom.
Na likharetene tsa sepetlele tse lahloang li ka sebelisoa hape?
Likharetene tse ling tse lahloang li sebelisa polypropylene e ka sebelisoang hape, empa melao ea tšilafalo, ho sebetsana le litšila tsa bongaka, le meeli ea ts'ebetso ea lehae hangata li thibela ho sebelisoa hape ka mokhoa o sebetsang kamora ts'ebeliso ea bongaka.
