Romela Imeile
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Hobaneng ha Makharetene a Lipetlele a Lahloang a Fetola Taolo ea Tšoaetso Tlhokomelong ea Bophelo ea Kajeno
Libaka tsa tlhokomelo ea bophelo li tobane le likotsi tse sa feleng tse bakoang ke tšoaetso e amanang le tlhokomelo ea bophelo. Lipalopalo tse latelang li totobatsa sekala:
| Tlhaloso ea Lipalo-palo | Lintlha / Boleng |
|---|---|
| Li-HAI tsa selemo le selemo ho pholletsa le tsamaiso ea tlhokomelo ea bophelo bo botle ea Amerika | Ba fetang milione |
| Palo e hakanyetsoang ea mafu har'a bakuli ba sepetlele ba nang le HAIs (2015) | Hoo e ka bang 72,000 |
Likharetene tsa Sepetlele tse Lahloang thusa ho rarolla likotsi tsena. Libaka tse ngata hona joale li khetha likharetene tse lahloang tsa likhubikle le lesira la bongaka lihlahisoa ho feta tsa setso lesira la sepetlele dikgetho.
Lintlha tsa Bohlokoa
- Likharetene tsa sepetlele tse lahloang fokotsa likotsi tsa tšoaetso ka ho sebelisa thepa e bolaeang likokoana-hloko e thibelang likokoana-hloko tse kotsi ho ata libakeng tse amang haholo.
- Likharetene tsena li bonolo ebile li potlakile ho nkeloa sebaka, li boloka nako ea basebetsi le ho fokotsa likotsi tsa polokeho ha li bapisoa le likharetene tsa masela tsa setso.
- Lipetlele li boloka chelete le ho ntlafatsa polokeho ea bakuli ka ho fetohela ho likharetene tse lahloang, ha ka nako e ts'oanang ho ntse ho sebelisoa mekhoa e metle ea ho fokotsa tšusumetso tikolohong.
Likotsi tsa Tšoaetso le Meeli ea Likharetene tsa Sepetlele sa Setso
Libaka tse Amang ka Matla le Phetiso ea Pathogen
Sepetlele Likharetene tsa Lekunutu e beoa har'a libaka tse angoang khafetsa libakeng tsa tlhokomelo ea bakuli. Basebetsi ba tlhokomelo ea bophelo, bakuli le baeti hangata ba sebetsana le likharetene tsena pele ho kopano ea tlhokomelo, nakong ea eona le ka mor'a eona. Lithuto li bontša hore hoo e ka bang halofo ea basebetsi ba tlhokomelo ea bophelo ba fumana libaktheria menoaneng ea bona ka mor'a ho ama likharetene. Ha nako e ntse e ea, tšilafalo ea eketseha, haholo-holo libakeng tseo batho ba tšoarang lesela ho tsona.
Phuputso ea setso e senotse hore 42% ea likharetene tsa sepetlele e ne e jere enterococci e hananang le vancomycin, 22% e ne e na le Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) e hananang le methicillin, 'me 4% e ne e na le Clostridium difficile. Likokoana-hloko tse hatisitsoeng ka letsoho li tiisitse hore likokoana-hloko tsena li fetela habonolo matsohong, e leng se etsang hore likharetene e be mohloli o moholo oa tšoaetso e amanang le tlhokomelo ea bophelo. Likokoana-hloko tse kang mefuta ea MRSA le Candida li ka phela masela a likharetene matsatsi ho isa libekeng, ha libaktheria tse se nang Gram tse kang Pseudomonas aeruginosa le Acinetobacter baumannii li ntse li phela nako e fetang khoeli. Ho phehella ha likokoana-hloko tsena ho totobatsa kotsi e hlahisoang ke likharetene tsa setso.
Likharetene tsa sepetlele li sebetsa joaloka li-fomite, li sebetsa e le libaka tsa polokelo ea likokoana-hloko tse kotsi le ho nolofalletsa ho ata ha tsona libakeng tsohle tsa tlhokomelo ea bophelo.
Mathata a ho Hloekisa le Mathata a ho Latela Melao
Ho hlokomela masela a tloaelehileng a lesela ho hlahisa liphephetso tse 'maloa tsa thepa le polokeho. Ho tlosa le ho nkela lesira ka leng sebaka ho ka nka metsotso e 30, hangata ho hloka lilere le ho pepesetsa basebetsi likotsi tse ka bang teng. Masela a ka hula fatše nakong ea phapanyetsano, e leng se eketsang kotsi ea tšilafalo e eketsehileng. Basebetsi ba tlameha ho sebelisa lisebelisoa tsa tšireletso tsa botho le ho latela mekhoa e hlokolosi ho qoba tšilafalo e fapaneng.
Ho hlatswa diaparo kgafetsa ho a hlokahala ho laola dikokwana-hloko, empa tshebetso ena e hloka mosebetsi o mongata ebile e bitsa tjhelete e ngata. Dikharetene di lokela ho mamella ho hlatsuwa kgafetsa indastering, e leng se ka senyang dikarolo tse leketlileng mme sa fokotsa nako ya tsona ya bophelo. Mathata ana hangata a fella ka ho hlwekiswa kgafetsa, e leng se etsang hore dikgaretene e be mehlodi e sa feleng ya dikokwana-hloko tse kotsi. Ka lehlakoreng le leng, Likharetene tsa Sepetlele tse Lahloang fana ka mokhoa o mong o sebetsang ka ho nolofatsa ho nkeloa sebaka le ho fokotsa kotsi ea tšilafalo.
| Phephetso | Tšusumetso Taolong ea Tšoaetso |
|---|---|
| Ho tlosa ho nka nako e telele | E liehisa ho hloekisa, e eketsa kotsi |
| Likotsi tsa polokeho | Likotsi tsa basebetsi, tšitiso ea mosebetsi |
| Ho hlatsoa liaparo khafetsa | Pokello ea likokoana-hloko |
| Kotsi ea tšilafalo e fapaneng | Ho ata ha HAIs |
Kamoo Likharetene tsa Lipetlele tse Lahloang li Ntlafatsang Taolo ea Tšoaetso
Likarolo tsa Bohlokoa le Thepa ea Antimicrobial
Makharetene a Sepetlele a Lahloang a kenyelletsa mahlale a tsoetseng pele a likokoana-hloko ho sebetsana le likotsi tse sa khaotseng tsa tšilafalo tse fumanoang libakeng tse hokahaneng haholo. Bahlahisi hangata ba sebelisa ho kenngoa ha silevera, ho kopantsoe le lik'hemik'hale tsa antibacterial le antifungal, ho thibela kholo ea likokoana-hloko. Makharetene ana hangata a na le polypropylene ea 100%, e ntlafalitsoeng ka silevera ea nanometer le li-antimicrobial tse ling. Liteko tsa laboratori li bontša hore thepa ena e theha libaka tsa thibelo khahlanong le libaktheria tse kang MRSA, VRE, Clostridium difficile, Enterococcus, Klebsiella, le Acinetobacter. Libakeng tsa bongaka, haholo-holo litsi tsa tlhokomelo e matla, makharetene a antimicrobial a bontša tšilafalo e fokotsehileng haholo. Mohlala, lithuto li tlaleha hore ha ho fumanoe MRSA kapa Enterobacteriaceae e hananang le carbapenem makhareteneng a sporicidal nakong ea bophelo ba tsona bo khothaletsoang ba likhoeli tse tšeletseng.
| Karolo | Lintlha tse qaqileng |
|---|---|
| Theknoloji ea ho Loantša Likokoana-hloko | Ho kenngoa ha silevera ka lik'hemik'hale tse thibelang likokoana-hloko le tse thibelang hlobo |
| Thepa ea Lesira | Polypropylene ea 100% e nang le silevera ea nanometer le liemeli tse ling |
| Likokoana-hloko li Lekoa | MRSA, VRE, C. difficile, Enterococcus, Klebsiella, Acinetobacter, li-fungus |
| Katleho ea Laboratori | Libaka tsa thibelo (0.5–5 mm), thibelo ea ho kopana ho fihlela likhoeling tse 6 |
| Katleho ea Bongaka (ICU) | Ha ho na MRSA, CRE, kapa C. difficile e fumanoeng likhareteneng tse bolaeang likokoana-hloko |
| Khothaletso ea ho Nkela Sebaka | Likhoeli tse ling le tse ling tse 6 libakeng tse kotsing e kholo |
| Karolo ea Taolo ea Tšoaetso | Phokotso e sa sebetseng ea tšilafalo ea likokoana-hloko libakeng tsa ICU |
Tsena di beha Disposable Hospital Curtains boemong ba ho laola tshwaetso e le mohato o sa sebetseng empa o le matla, o fokotsang kotsi ya tshwaetso e amanang le tlhokomelo ya bophelo.
Ho kenya le ho nkela sebaka habonolo
Litsi tsa tlhokomelo ea bophelo li rua molemo ka mokhoa o bonolo oa ho kenya le ho nkela sebaka Likharetene tsa Sepetlele tse Lahloang. Basebetsi ba ka nkela likharetene tsena sebaka ka metsotso e seng mekae feela, ha ho bapisoa le lihora tse hlokahalang bakeng sa likharetene tsa masela a setso liphaposing tsa libethe tse ngata. Boholo ba likhetho tse lahloang li lumellana le litsela tse teng tsa likharetene 'me li sebelisa li-carrier tse kenang, e leng se felisang tlhoko ea ntlafatso ea lisebelisoa. Bokhoni bona bo fokotsa tšitiso ea mosebetsi le ho fokotsa ho pepesehela basebetsi likotsi tse ka bang teng nakong ea liphetoho tsa likharetene.
Basebetsi ba lipetlele tse etellang pele, tse kang Royal Hospital e London le Central Medical Center ea New York, ba tlaleha hore likharetene tse lahloang li ntlafatsa katleho ea mosebetsi le ts'ebetso ea letsatsi le letsatsi. Batsamaisi ba boetse ba hlokomela phokotso ea litšenyehelo tsa ho hloekisa le boiteko ba tlhokomelo.
Ho bonolo ha tšebeliso ho khothaletsa liphetoho tse ngata khafetsa tsa masela, ho tšehetsa ho latela melao ea bohloeki ka mokhoa o tsitsitseng le ho fokotsa kotsi ea tšilafalo e fapaneng.
Ho Fokotsa Tšilafalo le ho Robala ha Mafu
Likharetene tsa Sepetlele tse Lahloang li bapala karolo ea bohlokoa ho robeng ketane ea tšoaetso. Mokhoa oa tsona oa ho sebelisoa hanngoe o etsa bonnete ba hore mokuli e mong le e mong o fumana mokoallo o mocha, o sa silafatsoang. Lipetlele tse fetohelang likhareteneng tse lahloang li bona tšilafalo ea baktheria e tlase haholo kamora matsatsi a leshome le sekhahla se fokolang sa ho hloekisoa nakong ea beke. Ka lehlakoreng le leng, likharetene tsa k'hothone tsa setso li bontša tšilafalo e phahameng le sekhahla sa ho hloekisoa sa 92%. Likharetene tse lahloang li boloka ts'ebetso e phahameng ea ho bolaea likokoana-hloko ho fihlela lilemo tse peli, li felisa likokoana-hloko tse kang MRSA le Clostridium difficile ka katleho.
Litsi li tlaleha ho qhoma ho fokolang le liphello tse ntlafetseng tsa taolo ea tšoaetso ka mor'a ho sebelisa likharetene tse lahloang, haholo-holo liyuniti tse kotsing e kholo joalo ka li-ICU le likamoreng tsa opereishene.
Mokhoa ona o sebetsang o lebisa ho fokotseng ditshwaetso tse amanang le tlhokomelo ya bophelo bo botle mme o tshehetsa dibaka tse bolokehileng tsa tlhokomelo ya bakudi.
Pholoso ea Litšenyehelo le Bokgoni ba Ts'ebetso
Likharetene tsa Sepetlele tse Lahloang li fana ka litšenyehelo tse kholo le melemo ea ts'ebetso. Leha litšenyehelo tsa pele ka yuniti li tloha ho $27.25 ho isa ho $101.40, likharetene tsena li felisa litšenyehelo tse tsoelang pele tsa ho hlatsoa liaparo le tlhokomelo. Likharetene tsa setso li hloka ho hlatsuoa khafetsa le kalafo ea likokoana-hloko, e leng se eketsang litšenyehelo tsa basebetsi le tsa nako ea ho phomola. Nakong ea selemo se le seng, likharetene tse lahloang li ipaka li le theko e tlase haholo ka lebaka la ho boloka tlhokomelo le taolo ea tšoaetso.
| Mofuta oa Lesira | Theko ea pele ka Yuniti (USD) | Litšenyehelo tsa Tlhokomelo le ho Hlatsoa Liaparo | Lintlha Tse Ling tsa Litšenyehelo |
|---|---|---|---|
| Likharetene tse Lahloang (tse Phekotsoeng) | $55.09 – $101.40 | Ha ho letho | Ha ho hlatsoetsoe liaparo; ho fokotsa nako ea mosebetsi le ea phomolo |
| Likharetene tse Lahloang (tse sa Phekoloang) | $27.25 – $33.10 | Ha ho letho | Tšebeliso e le 'ngoe; e felisa kotsi ea tšoaetso |
| Likharetene tsa Setso | Hodimo (sebaka se nepahetseng N/A) | Ho hlokahala ho hlatsoa liaparo khafetsa le kalafo | Litšenyehelo tse phahameng tsa tlhokomelo le tsa basebetsi tse tsoelang pele |
Bokgoni ba tshebetso le bona bo a ntlafala. Mohlala, Setsi sa Bongaka sa Motse se fokoditse nako ya ho hlwekisa le ho hlwekisa dikokwana-hloko pakeng tsa mekgwa ya tshebetso ka ho kenya dikhapete tse lahlwang. Phetoho ena e ekeditse ho ntsha ha mokuli tjhelete mme ya fokotsa nako ya ho phomola ka phapusing. Basebetsi ba ka tsepamisa maikutlo haholo tlhokomelong ya bakudi mme ba se ke ba tsepamisa maikutlo haholo tlhokomelong ya masira, e leng se ntlafatsang tshebetso ya sepetlele le ho feta.
Mehopolo ea Tikoloho le Mekhoa e Metle
Tšebeliso e atileng ea Likharetene tsa Lipetlele tse Lahloang e hlahisa matšoenyeho a bohlokoa a tikoloho. Mokhoa oa tsona oa ho sebelisoa hanngoe feela o tlatsetsa ho bokelleng ha litšila le ho eketsa khatello ea lithōle. Tlhahiso le thomello le tsona li sebelisa mehloli le matla. Leha ho le joalo, boqapi ba saense ea lintho tse bonahalang bo sebetsana le liphephetso tsena. Lisebelisoa tse bolang le mananeo a ho sebelisa hape li ntse li hlahlojoa ho fokotsa tšusumetso ea tikoloho. Mekhoa e nepahetseng ea ho lahla le thuto ea basebetsi e bapala karolo ea bohlokoa ho fokotseng kotsi.
Mekhoa e metle ea tšebeliso e tšoarellang e kenyelletsa:
- Ho theha mananeo a ho sebelisa hape likharetene tse entsoeng ka thepa e ka sebelisoang hape.
- Ho sebelisa thepa e bolang ho netefatsa hore e senyeha ka tlhaho.
- Ho hlahloba mahlale a phetoho ea matla a litšila.
- Ho sebelisana 'moho le bafepedi ba behang pele tlhahiso e sireletsang tikoloho.
- Basebetsi ba koetlisoa ka mekhoa e nang le boikarabelo ea ho lahla litšila.
- Ho lekola le ho ntlafatsa maano a ho tswela pele ka botsitso.
Lipetlele li ka leka-lekanya taolo ea tšoaetso le boikarabello ba tikoloho ka ho amohela mekhoa ena e metle le ho tšehetsa boqapi bo tsoelang pele ba moralo le ho lahla likharetene.
Likharetene tsa Lipetlele tse Lahloang li fana ka tharollo e sebetsang bakeng sa taolo ea tšoaetso. Lipetlele li tlaleha hore li ntlafetse polokeho ea mokuli, liphetoho tse potlakileng tsa lesira, le ho fokotseha ha tšilafalo e tšelang.
- Ho latela melao ka boiketsetso ho netefatsa hore ho nkeloa sebaka ke tse ling khafetsa.
- Matla a ho loantša likokoana-hloko le moralo oa tšebeliso e le 'ngoe li fokotsa sekhahla sa tšoaetso.
- Basebetsi ba na le mosebetsi o fokolang, 'me mehaho e boloka litšenyehelo le ho latela melao.
LBH
Lipetlele li lokela ho nkela likharetene tsa sepetlele tse lahloang sebaka hangata hakae?
Litsi tse ngata li khothaletsa ho nkela likharetene tse lahloang sebaka likhoeli tse ling le tse ling tse tšeletseng kapa hang ka mor'a ho kopana le bakuli ba tšoaetsanoang. Ho nkela likharetene tse ncha khafetsa ho tšehetsa taolo e ntle ea tšoaetso.
Na likharetene tsa sepetlele tse lahloang lia lumellana le litsela tsa likharetene tse seng li ntse li le teng?
Likharetene tse lahloang li lekana le litsela tse tloaelehileng. Basebetsi ba ka li kenya ba sebelisa li-carrier tse kenang ka har'a snap-in. Ha ho hlokahale lisebelisoa kapa lisebelisoa tse khethehileng.
Na lipetlele li ka sebelisa likharetene tsa sepetlele tse lahloang hape?
Lipetlele li ka sebelisa likharetene tse ling tse lahloang haeba li entsoe ka thepa e ka sebelisoang hape. Libaka li lokela ho buisana le bafani ba thepa le ho latela litataiso tsa lehae tsa ho sebelisa hape.
